Chiyambi: M'munda wamankhwala atsiku ndi tsiku, zotengera zamagalasi zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe owonekera kwambiri komanso kumva bwino, ndipo njira yopangira mchenga ndi chisanu imapangitsa mabotolo agalasi kukhala ndi malingaliro owoneka bwino komanso osasunthika, omwe amadziwika ndi ogula.Nkhaniyi ikugawana chidziwitso chofunikira chokhudza kuphulika kwa magalasi, kuzizira ndi kukongoletsa utoto, zomwe zili ndizomwe abwenzi angatchule:
1. Za kuphulika kwa mchenga
Mawu Oyamba
A ochiritsira abrasive ndege, luso wakhala mosalekeza anayamba, bwino ndi wangwiro.Ndi makina ake apadera opangira zinthu komanso kukonza ndi kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri, zakhala zikudziwika kwambiri m'makampani amakono a mankhwala ndipo zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pakupanga makina, zida, zipangizo zamankhwala, zipangizo zamagetsi, makina a nsalu, makina osindikizira ndi utoto, mankhwala. makina, makina opangira chakudya, zida, zida zodulira, zida zoyezera, nkhungu, magalasi, zoumba, zaluso, kukonza makina, ndi zina zambiri.
Abrasive jet
Zimatanthawuza ndege yomwe imapangidwa ndi abrasive yomwe ikuyenda pa liwiro lalikulu pansi pa mphamvu yakunja.Kwa kuphulika kowuma, mphamvu yakunja ndi mpweya woponderezedwa;kwa kuphulika kwamadzimadzi, mphamvu yakunja ndi ntchito yosakanikirana ya mpweya woponderezedwa ndi mpope wopera.
Mfundo yofunika
Amagwiritsa ntchito mpweya wothamanga kwambiri womwe umapangidwa pamene mpweya wothamanga kwambiri ukudutsa mabowo abwino a mphuno, ndikuwomba mchenga wa quartz kapena silicon carbide pamwamba pa galasi, kuti mawonekedwe a galasi awonongeke nthawi zonse. ndi mphamvu ya mchenga particles kupanga matte pamwamba.
Mapangidwe a malo ophulika amatsimikiziridwa ndi kuthamanga kwa mpweya, kuuma kwa miyala, makamaka mawonekedwe ndi kukula kwa tinthu tating'ono ta mchenga, tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta mchenga timapangitsa kuti pamwamba pakhale mawonekedwe abwino, ndipo grit coarse imatha kuonjezera kuthamanga kwa nthaka. kuphulika pamwamba.
Zonyansa
Amatanthauza sing'anga yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza ndege, yomwe imatha kukhala mchenga wamtsinje, mchenga wa m'nyanja, mchenga wa quartz, mchenga wa corundum, mchenga wa resin, mchenga wachitsulo, kuwombera magalasi, kuwombera kwa ceramic, kuwombera chitsulo, kuwombera chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, khungu la mtedza, chisononkho cha chimanga. , etc Zida zosiyanasiyana ndi makulidwe a tirigu amasankhidwa malinga ndi zofunikira zosiyanasiyana za kuphulika.
Kugwiritsa ntchito
Yeretsani sikelo ya oxide, mchere wotsalira ndi kuwotcherera slag, zotsalira pamwamba pa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ntchito.
Chotsani tinthu tating'onoting'ono pamwamba pamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ntchito.
Amagwiritsidwa ntchito popangira zokutira pamwamba ndi plating ya zogwirira ntchito kuti apititse patsogolo kumamatira kwa zokutira ndi zokutira.
Amagwiritsidwa ntchito popititsa patsogolo magwiridwe antchito amakina, kukonza zokometsera za magawo okwerera, komanso kuchepetsa phokoso lamakina.
Amagwiritsidwa ntchito polimbitsa chithandizo chapamwamba kuti athetse kupsinjika ndikuwonjezera mphamvu ya kutopa komanso kukana dzimbiri kwa magawo.
Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kukonzanso zida zakale komanso kukonza zinthu zolakwika.
Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyeretsa mphira, pulasitiki, magalasi ndi nkhungu zina popanda kuvulaza pamwamba pa nkhungu, kuonetsetsa kuti nkhunguyo ndi yolondola, kupititsa patsogolo kalasi ya mankhwala, ndikuwonjezera moyo wautumiki wa nkhungu.
Kumaliza kukonza, chotsani zokopa ndi zolembera pazigawo, ndikupeza mawonekedwe ofananirako komanso osawonetsa.
Pezani zotsatira zapadera za sandblasting, monga sandblasted lettering (penti), ma jeans osamba mchenga, galasi lozizira, ndi zina.
Za scrub
Chiyambi Njira yopangira chisanu mu chemistry ndi makina kapena pamanja akupera galasi ndi abrasives monga silikoni carbide, silica mchenga, makangaza ufa, etc. kuti yunifolomu ndi akhakula pamwamba.Pamwamba pa galasi ndi zinthu zina zitha kukonzedwanso ndi yankho la hydrofluoric acid.Zogulitsa zimakhala magalasi ozizira ndi zinthu zina.Kusindikiza kumakhala bwino pambuyo pa chisanu.
Galasi yozizira imatanthawuza njira yosinthira magalasi osalala agalasi wamba kuchokera pagalasi losalala mpaka lovuta (lowonekera mpaka losalala) kudzera pakukonza zinthu.Mmodzi kapena mbali zonse za galasi lathyathyathya amapukutidwa mwamakina kapena pamanja ndi abrasives monga silicon carbide, mchenga wa silika, ufa wa makangaza, etc. kuti apange yunifolomu ndi pamwamba.Magalasi amathanso kukonzedwa ndi yankho la hydrofluoric acid.Chifukwa mankhwala amakhala frosted galasi.Magalasi oundana amadzimadzi amakonzedwa kuti akhale pamwamba pa matte, omwe amagawanitsa kuwala kofalikira ndipo amakhala ndi mwayi wowonekera komanso wosawoneka.
Kusiyana pakati pa galasi lozizira ndi galasi la sandblasted
Frosting ndi sandblasting onse chifunga galasi pamwamba, kotero kuti kuwala kupanga kwambiri yunifolomu kumwazikana pambuyo kudutsa lampshade.Ndizovuta kwa ogwiritsa ntchito wamba kusiyanitsa pakati pa njira ziwirizi.Zotsatirazi zikufotokoza njira zopangira njira ziwirizi komanso momwe mungadziwire..
1. Frosting process Frosting imatanthawuza kumiza galasi mumadzi okonzeka acidic (kapena kupaka phala lokhala ndi asidi) kuti lizime pagalasi ndi asidi amphamvu, ndipo panthawi imodzimodziyo, hydrogen fluoride mu njira ya asidi yamphamvu imapangitsa kuti makhiristo apangidwe pa galasi pamwamba.Choncho, ngati chisanu chikuchitika bwino, galasi lachisanu lachisanu limakhala losalala bwino, ndipo chifunga chimapangidwa ndi kubalalika kwa makhiristo.Ngati pamwamba ndi movutikira, ndiye kuti asidi amakokolola galasi mozama kwambiri, zomwe zimakhala zakusakhwima kwa frosted master.Kapena mbali zina zilibe makhiristo (omwe amadziwika kuti alibe mchenga, kapena magalasi ali ndi timadontho), komwe kulinso kusachita bwino mwaluso mwaluso.Njira zamakono zamakono ndizovuta.Njirayi ikuwonekera bwino ngati makhiristo onyezimira akuwonekera pagalasi, yomwe imapangidwa pansi pavuto lalikulu, chifukwa chachikulu ndi chakuti ammonia hydrogen fluoride yafika kumapeto kwa kumwa.
2. Njira yophulitsa mchenga Njirayi ndiyofala kwambiri.Imagunda pamwamba pa galasi ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timatuluka pa liwiro lalikulu ndi mfuti yopopera, kotero kuti galasiyo imapanga malo abwino kwambiri a concave-convex, kuti akwaniritse zotsatira za kuwala kobalalitsa ndikupangitsa kuwalako kukhala kosalala.Pamwamba pa magalasi opangidwa ndi sandblasted ndi ovuta.Chifukwa galasilo lawonongeka, zikuwoneka kuti galasi lowonekera poyamba liri loyera powala.Ntchito yovuta.
3. Kusiyana pakati pa njira ziwirizi ndi zosiyana kwambiri.Galasi wozizira ndi wokwera mtengo kuposa galasi lopangidwa ndi mchenga, ndipo zotsatira zake zimakhala makamaka chifukwa cha zosowa za ogwiritsa ntchito.Magalasi ena apadera ndi osayeneranso kuzizira.Kuchokera pakuwona kufunafuna ulemu, matte ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito.Ntchito yophulitsa mchenga imatha kumalizidwa m'mafakitole, koma kukonza mchenga sikophweka kuchita bwino.
Galasi yachisanu imapangidwa ndi kumverera kwa mchenga, mawonekedwe amphamvu, koma mapangidwe ochepa;galasi sandblasted ndi chosema ndi nkhungu ndiyeno sprayed kunja malinga ndi zofunika.Mwanjira iyi, zithunzi zilizonse zomwe mungafune zitha kukhala zozizira kuposa zopukutidwa ndi mchenga.
Za kupaka utoto
Ntchito ya colorant ndikupangitsa galasi kuti lizitha kuyamwa kuwala kowonekera, potero kuwonetsa mtundu wina.Malingana ndi momwe mtundu wa galasi uliri mu galasi, umagawidwa m'magulu atatu: ionic colorant, colloidal colorant ndi semiconductor pawiri microcrystalline colorant.Mtundu, womwe mitundu ya ionic imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri.
1.Ionic colorant
Zosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito, zokhala ndi mitundu yambiri, zosavuta kuwongolera, zotsika mtengo, ndi njira yopaka utoto yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ion imasankhidwa malinga ndi zofunikira za utoto ndi momwe zinthu ziliri.
1) Mankhwala a manganese amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri manganese dioxide, ufa wakuda
Manganese oxide, bulauni wakuda ufa
Potaziyamu permanganate, imvi-wofiirira makhiristo
Mankhwala a Manganese amatha kukongoletsa galasi kukhala lofiirira.Manganese dioxide kapena potaziyamu permanganate amagwiritsidwa ntchito.Panthawi yosungunuka, manganese dioxide ndi potaziyamu permanganate amatha kusungunuka kukhala manganese oxide ndi mpweya.Galasi imapangidwa ndi manganese oxide.Manganese okusayidi amatha kuwola kukhala manganese monoxide wopanda utoto ndi okosijeni, ndipo mawonekedwe ake amtundu ndi osakhazikika.M'pofunika kukhala ndi oxidizing mpweya ndi khola kusungunuka kutentha.Manganese oxide ndi chitsulo amagwira ntchito limodzi kuti apeze magalasi obiriwira achikasu mpaka ofiirira, omwe amagawidwa ndi dichromate.Ikhoza kupangidwa kukhala galasi lakuda.Kuchuluka kwa mankhwala a manganese nthawi zambiri ndi 3% -5% ya zosakaniza, ndipo magalasi owala ofiirira amatha kupezeka.
2) Cobalt mankhwala
Cobalt monoxide wobiriwira ufa
Cobalt trioxide wakuda wakuda kapena ufa wakuda
Mankhwala onse a cobalt amasinthidwa kukhala cobalt monoxide pakusungunuka.Cobalt oxide ndi mtundu wokhazikika wokhazikika, womwe umapangitsa galasi kukhala labuluu pang'ono ndipo silikhudzidwa ndi mlengalenga.Kuonjezera 0.002% cobalt monoxide kungapangitse galasi Kupeza mtundu wa buluu wowala.Onjezani 0.1% cobalt monoxide kuti mupeze mtundu wowoneka bwino wa buluu.Mankhwala a Cobalt amagwiritsidwa ntchito mofanana ndi mankhwala amkuwa ndi chromium kuti apange magalasi amtundu wa buluu, buluu-wobiriwira ndi wobiriwira.Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi manganese kuti apange magalasi ofiira, ofiirira ndi akuda
3) Copper pawiri mkuwa sulfate blue-green crystal
Copper oxide wakuda ufa
Cuprous oxide red crystal ufa
Kuwonjezera 1% -2% mkuwa okusayidi pansi oxidizing mikhalidwe akhoza kupanga galasi mtundu.Copper oxide imatha kugwira ntchito ndi cuprous oxide kapena ferric oxide kupanga magalasi obiriwira.
4) Mankhwala a Chromium
Sodium dichromate lalanje wofiira crystal
Potaziyamu chromate yellow crystal
Sodium chromate yellow crystal
Chromate imawola kukhala chromium oxide ikasungunuka, ndipo galasi imakhala yobiriwira pansi pamikhalidwe yocheperako.Pansi pa oxidizing, high-valent chromium oxide iliponso, zomwe zimapangitsa galasi kukhala lachikasu-lobiriwira.Pansi pamikhalidwe yamphamvu ya okosijeni, chromium imakutidwa ndi okosijeni.Kuchuluka kwake kumawonjezeka, galasi limakhala lachikasu chopepuka mpaka kuchuluka kwa mankhwala a chromium opanda mtundu, 0,2% -1% ya pawiriyo amawerengedwa ngati chromium oxide, ndipo kuchuluka kwake ndi 0,45% ya zosakaniza mu galasi la soda-laimu-silicate. yomwe imapangidwa ndi okosijeni pansi pamikhalidwe ya okosijeni.Chrome ndi copper oxide zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi kupanga galasi lobiriwira
5) Mankhwala achitsulo amakhala makamaka chitsulo okusayidi.Ufa wakuda umatha kukongoletsa magalasi kupita ku iron oxide ya buluu-wobiriwira ndi ufa wofiyira-bulauni kuti ukhale wachikasu.
Pamodzi ndi iron oxide ndi manganese, kapena kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi sulfure ndi malasha opukutidwa, amatha kupanga galasi kukhala lofiirira (amber)
2. Colloidal colorant imagwiritsa ntchito tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timabalalika bwino mugalasi kuti titenge ndikumwaza kuwala kuti galasi liwonetse mtundu wina.Kukula kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono kumatsimikizira mtundu wa galasi.Colloidal coloring Nthawi zambiri, njira yapadera yochizira kutentha imafunika kuti mupaka utoto wagalasi ndipo utoto wa colloid umakhala ndi zotsatira zapadera, koma njirayi ndi yovuta kwambiri ndipo mtengo wake ndi wokwera.
3. Semiconductor pawiri microcrystalline coloring agent Galasi yomwe ili ndi sulfure selenium pawiri, makhiristo a semiconductor amawombedwa pambuyo pa chithandizo cha kutentha.Chifukwa kusintha kwa ma elekitironi mu entrainment imatenga kuwala kowoneka ndi mtundu, zotsatira zake za utoto zimakhala zabwino ndipo mtengo wake ndi wochepa, choncho umagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, koma amalabadira kulingalira kwa kayendetsedwe ka ndondomeko.
Nthawi yotumiza: Feb-25-2022